could be interpreted as a proxy for dissemination efforts and client engagement, capturing travel costs, printing costs, etc. In fact, we find that reports which have higher other costs tend to receive more downloads, conditional on being downloaded. Third, we identified reports that were published in another type of documents, such as a working paper or a book chapter. We find that the reports were downloaded at a significantly greater rate in their new incarnation. For example, one policy report was cited twice within our dataset, but when later published as a working paper with a new title, it was cited over 50 times. Citations A standard measure of an index of research output is the h-index which is highest for reports on Latin America and the Caribbean followed by the Africa region. The h-index is a measure on the impact of research output. First proposed in Hirsch (2005), the h-index was meant to quantify an individual’s scientific output for applications such as faculty recruitment, granting tenure, and awarding grants. An h-index value of x means that the author has published x items, each of which has been cited at least x times. It assesses both the productivity and influence of research. As citations tend to increase the longer a study is published, the h-index tends to rise with years of publications. Figure 8 shows the h- indices for the regional VPUs. Figure 8: H-Indices for the Regions 60 AFR = 7.00 EAP = 7.50 50 ECA = 4.75 LCR = 8.63 40 MNA = 3.00 s n SAR = 6.00 io t30 a it C 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Rank of Policy Report Source: Google Scholar and World Bank Documents & Reports. Note: The x-axis ranks individual policy reports by the number of citations. The H-index of a region is the value of the distance between the x-axis and the region's intersection with the 45° line. Contrary to downloads, costs are not a significant determinant of citations (Table D). A more expensive report is not more likely to be cited or receive a higher number of citations, conditional on being cited. However, under some specifications, cross support related costs significantly increase the probability of being cited. The year dummies, which were all significant and positive, indicated that policy reports that have been disclosed for a longer period of time are cited more frequently. Reports prepared by network anchors such as HDN and PREM as well as by the Africa and LCR regions tend to 18