Acknowledgments This Report was prepared by a team led by Deepak Mishra and Uwe Deichmann and com- prising Kenneth Chomitz, Zahid Hasnain, Emily Kayser, Tim Kelly, Märt Kivine, Bradley Larson, Sebastian Monroy-Taborda, Hania Sahnoun, Indhira Santos, David Satola, Marc Schiffbauer, Boo Kang Seol, Shawn Tan, and Desiree van Welsum. The work was carried out under the general direction of Kaushik Basu, Indermit Gill, and Pierre Guislain. World Bank President Jim Yong Kim was an invaluable source of encouragement to the team. The team received guidance from an Advisory Panel cochaired by Kaushik Basu and Toomas Hendrik Ilves and consisting of Salim Sultan Al-Ruzaiqi, Carl Bildt, Yessica Car- tajena, Dorothy Gordon, Richard Heeks, Monica Kerretts-Makau, Feng Lu, N.R. Narayana Murthy, Paul Romer, and Hal Varian. The team would like to acknowledge the generous support of Canada’s Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development and the International Development Research Cen- tre; Estonia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Office of the President; the French Develop- ment Agency; Germany’s Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit; Israel’s Ministry of Econ- omy; Norway’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation; Sweden’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the multidonor Knowledge for Change Program; and the World Bank Research Support Budget. Consultation events were held in Armenia, Belgium, China, the Dominican Republic, the Arab Republic of Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Morocco, the Netherlands, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, Somalia, Swe- den, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam, with participants drawn from many more countries. Detailed information about these events can be found at http://www.worldbank.org/wdr2016/about. Interagency consultations were held with the European Commission, International Telecommunication Union, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Broad- band Commission, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The initial findings of the Report were also discussed at several conferences and workshops, including at the Brookings-Blum Roundtable; Columbia University; Nairobi’s iHub; International Conference of Agricultural Economists in Milan; Oxford Internet Institute; the People-Centered Internet Conference at Stanford University; the Science, Technology and Innovation for Development conference in Seoul; the Swedish Program for Information and Communication Technology in Devel- oping Regions; the UbuntuNet Alliance Connect Conference in Mozambique; the University of West Indies at Mona, Jamaica; the U.S. State Department; the World Economic Forum; and the World Summit on the Information Society. The team thanks the participants in all of these events for helpful comments and suggestions. Bruce Ross-Larson was the principal editor of the Report. The production and logistics team for the Report comprised Brónagh Murphy, Mihaela Stangu, and Jason Victor, with vii